Global Changes in Cultivated Area and Breeding Activities of Durum Wheat from 1800 to Date: A Historical Review

Durum wheat is grown globally on 13.5 million ha in 2020/2021, which amounts to 6.2% of the area. It assumed that past it was more important, but extent importance unknown. In this work, a historical estimation durum area carried out, based data main cultivating countries. Many from earliest period were percentage all wheat. During nineteenth century, around 14–16%. However, throughout 19th and beginning 20th America (USA, Canada, Argentina), Asia (Russia, China, India), Australia, new land sown with bread wheat, therefore fell steadily 7–9% 1950 2005, 6–7% since then. For many years, Russia country cultivation, six 1910–1940. Turkey, Italy, Algeria, India also big players regarding cultivation crop. Currently, Turkey have largest acreage. The breeding activities future are discussed.